Author contributions: X.G., L.Z., and L.G
The first demonstration of clinical proof of principle for the use of platinum-based chemotherapy (carboplatin) in combination with a molecularly targeted drug (bevacizumab)
Biopharmaceutics of nanomedicine targeting NF-B in cancer Improving bioavailability Nanoparticles have emerged as promising carriers to enhance the bioavailability and biopharmaceutical properties of chemotherapeutic drugs and phytochemicals [269,270,271,272]

While classical presentations with malabsorption, chronic diarrhea, and failure to thrive still occur, predominantly in younger children, non-classical, oligosymptomatic, and asymptomatic forms now predominate ( In parallel with these changes, metabolic syndrome (MetS) has emerged as a major public health concern in children and adolescents, largely driven by the global rise in pediatric obesity ( Against this background, growing evidence suggests an emerging overlap between CD and obesity-related comorbidities ( This review aims to examine the risk of developing MetS in pediatric patients with CD by synthesizing current clinical and epidemiological evidence, exploring potential pathophysiological mechanisms, evaluating the impact of a GFD, and discussing how these insights can shift CD from a cardiometabolic risk to a preventive opportunity in the perspective of childrens health, emphasizing early nutritional and preventive strategies to support long-term cardiometabolic well-being