bpc-157 benefits clinical studies Peptide Peptide Therapy for Inflammation: A

The graphical abstract and schematic diagram were created with BioGDP.com [35]

Mucoadhesive nanoemulsion enhances brain bioavailability of luteolin after intranasal administration and induces apoptosis to SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells

Author contributions XL and LL supervised the work

Although CQDs have demonstrated substantial promise in imaging, sensing and drug delivery, advancement beyond preclinical research remains restricted by the scarcity of comprehensive toxicological data and large-scale validation, and addressing these challenges will require close interdisciplinary collaboration across chemistry, materials science, bioengineering, pharmacology, and clinical medicine to establish reliable synthesis methods, robust testing, and safety frameworks aligned with regulatory guidelines [103, 174]