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The pathogenesis is unclear, but probably related to mitochondrial membrane function and ATP production

doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2007.09.011 Biswal BM, Sulaiman SA, Ismail HC, Zakaria H, Musa KI

The epilepsy concern may have to do with taurine inhibiting detoxifying enzymes in the liver that are responsible for breaking down many commonly used drugs, including anti-seizure drugs

Among the surveyed related articles, animal studies revealed that these bioactive components mainly modulate the gut microbiota by reversing the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, increasing the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Bacteroides , Akkermansia , Lactobacillus , or decreasing the abundance of harmful bacteria, such as Lachnospiraceae , Desulfovibrio , Lachnoclostridium