3.9 Gut microbial biotransformation Microbiota, particularly the gut microbiota, has been confirmed to play a significant role in neuropsychiatric health (Xiong et al., 2023)
MAPK signals, including extracellular signal-related kinases (ERKs), c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs), and the p38 kinases, are also involved in cisplatin-induced toxic effects
Among the various immune mediators, Th17 cells are now recognized as a central pathogenic factor in IBD

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