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This overload is primarily mediated by the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3Rs) and ryanodine receptors (RyRs) located on the ER membrane (see Figure 2 ) ( 2+ from the ER depletes calcium stores, triggering stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) to detect the decrease in ER luminal Ca 2+ levels and activate store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) channels to replenish calcium stores ( Figure 2 Excessive intracellular Ca 2+ levels trigger the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP), resulting in the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and hindering ATP production ( 2+ concentration, leading to the propagation of local Ca 2+ signaling across acinar cells ( 2+ , thereby perpetuating the escalation of intracellular Ca 2+ levels

Emerging biomarkers such as MCP-1 and resistin are also under investigation

Prahalad, L.J

Another study suggested curcumin is a potential treatment for stroke by inhibiting microglial pyroptosis, a proinflammatory pathway influenced by stroke