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First, insomnia was determined subjectively using self-reported sleep measures, which may be affected by estimation bias compared to more-objective measures of sleep, such as actigraphy and polysomnography

Extracellular L-cysteine is oxidized to L-cystine and transported through the system into astrocytes (Shih et al., 2006), which release GSH via the multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) as the first step in supplying cysteine for GSH synthesis in neurons (Minich et al., 2006)

doi: 10.1111/acel.12592 Summary Keywords N-acetylcysteine, insulin resistance, adipose tissue, senescence, obesity Citation Sohouli MH, Eslamian G, Malekpour Alamdari N, Abbasi M, Fazeli Taherian S, Behtaj D and Zand H (2023) Effects of N-acetylcysteine on aging cell and obesity complications in obese adults: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial

Additional research has examined metabolic effects including glucose transport, insulin signaling, lipid metabolism, and cellular energy utilization